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These Moths Follow the Stars

Scientists have discovered that the bogong moth finds its way by following the stars in the night sky.

Four brown moths fly southeast and then northwest over a map of southeastern Australia.

© ssstocker/stock.adobe.com; Photo illustration Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Could you find your way on a long journey using only the stars? Some humans and birds can. But scientists recently learned that the bogong moth also has this ability—and they’re surprised, considering that the moth’s brain is smaller than a grain of rice!

Every spring, Australia’s bogong moths escape the heat by migrating (traveling) 620 miles (1,000 kilometers) south. Settling in a mountain range called the Australian Alps, they take shelter in cool caves and stay there all summer. 

Scientists noted that each generation of moths goes to the Australian Alps without ever having been there before. They wondered how the moths found their way. Some migrating animals use Earth’s magnetic field (our planet’s built-in compass) to sense which direction they’re facing. Others use the stars. Do bogong moths use either of these methods?

A brown bogong moth sits on a flower.

© Andrew/stock.adobe.com

A bogong moth

Eric Warrant, head of the Division of Sensory Biology at Lung University in Sweden, wanted to find out. He and other scientists created a flight simulator—a device that would make the moths think they were taking a long-distance flight. The scientists were able to use the simulator to recreate a night sky but block Earth’s magnetic field. They placed bogong moths into the simulator and took note of where the moths flew. 

When the simulator showed the stars in the correct places, the moths flew in the right direction. But when the scientists changed the locations of the stars, the moths got confused and flew the wrong way. Scientists concluded that the moths rely on the stars to guide them when they migrate.

“It is an act of true navigation,” Warrant told CNN. “They’re able to use the stars as a compass to find a specific geographic direction to navigate.”

Migrating birds use both the stars and Earth’s magnetic field to migrate. But the bogong moth is the first invertebrate (animal without a backbone) known to use the stars to travel long distances.

David Dreyer, one of the scientists who took part in the study, says he’s impressed with the moths.

“It’s remarkable that an animal with such a tiny brain can actually do this,” Dreyer told the Associated Press.

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Did You Know?

Dung beetles use the stars in the night sky to navigate as they figure out where to take their food so that no other dung beetles steal it. What do dung beetles eat? Animal dung (poop)!

Two dung beetles roll a piece of dung over some pebbles.

© creativenature.nl/stock.adobe.com

The Sun and the wind help dung beetles find their way during the day.

How One Star Can Help Us Find Our Way

Ursa Major and Ursa Minor are illustrated and labeled, along with Polaris.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Today we’ve got many tools to tell us which way to travel. GPS, compasses, and maps can help keep us on track. But before these tools existed, people navigated using the stars in the sky. 

The night sky is full of stars that can guide travelers. Let’s talk about Polaris, or the North Star, which is visible in the Northern Hemisphere. The North Star is located above the North Pole, so if you were to travel in the direction of this star, you’d be heading north. For centuries, travelers used the North Star as a directional guide.

How do you find the North Star? Luckily, some stars form shapes called constellations. One of the most famous constellations in the Northern Hemisphere is called Ursa Major (also called the Big Dipper because part of its shape looks like a ladle or a saucepan). The North Star is close to the Big Dipper in the night sky. It also happens to be part of another constellation called Ursa Minor, or the Little Dipper.

You have a better chance of finding the North Star if you’re in a location where the nights get very dark. Artificial lights will drown out the light of the stars.

The Great Bear

The stars of Ursa Major have been connected to show the outline of a bear.

© Alexandr Yurtchenko/stock.adobe.com

Ursa Major

One of the most famous constellations in the night sky is called Ursa Major. The name translates to “big bear” because the constellation’s stars form the rough outline of a bear. 

You can read more about Ursa Major and some of the stories and legends it inspired at Britannica.

Word of the Day Icon

Word of the Day

stellar

Part of speech:

adjective

Definition:

: of or relating to the stars

Definitions provided by
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