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The Power of Noise

Seventeen-year-old scientist Gyeongyun Lily Min has found a way to convert stadium noise into electricity.

illustration showing silhouettes of a crowd in a basketball arena with their arms in the air with a jumbotron saying let’s make some energy.

© Maksim Pauliukevich, Siarhei Nosyreu/Dreamstime.com; Animation Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

The world can get pretty noisy—and maybe that’s a good thing. Seventeen-year-old Gyeongyun Lily Min believes all that noise, from sirens to stadiums, could be used to generate electricity. And she did experiments to show how it would work.

Min was inspired by the movie Monsters, Inc., in which children’s screams generate energy. In a world where 60 percent of electricity is made with fossil fuels that contribute to climate change, scientists are trying to find more sustainable ways to harness energy. Min asked herself, why not use sound waves?

“I began to wonder if, in reality, we could harness the abundant noise in environments like sports arenas and use it to generate electricity,” Min told Smithsonian Magazine.

Min believed this could be achieved because of the piezoelectric effect. When pressure is applied to certain materials (called piezoelectric materials), the materials generate electric energy. The piezoelectric effect is at work in light-up shoes, which light up when a person’s foot puts pressure on them. Sound waves also generate pressure—the louder the sound, the greater the pressure. This is why Min believes that loud noise could help produce a generous amount of electricity.

Min tested her theory by building a model of a National Basketball Association (NBA) stadium and placing piezoelectric materials inside the model. Then she played audio recordings of stadium crowd noise, generating between 70 and 100 decibels of sound. Sure enough, a small amount of electricity was produced.

Min points out that her setup wasn’t ideal. She bought the materials on Amazon and had little control over their quality.

“If I had access to better materials, I believe I could significantly enhance the effectiveness and reliability of my energy harvesting research,” Min told Smithsonian Magazine.

And Min says her findings suggest that this concept could work, not only in stadiums but also on highways, in factories, in train stations, and in any other noisy environment.

Fun Fact!

According to Guinness World Records, the loudest indoor crowd noise at a sports event was 130.4 decibels. It was measured at a college basketball game between the Kansas Jayhawks and the West Virginia Mountaineers on February 13, 2017.

Josh Jackson dunks during a basketball game as opposing players surround the basket.

© Jamie Squire/Getty Images Sport

 Josh Jackson of the Kansas Jayhawks dunks during a 2017 game that set a world record for crowd noise.

Moving to Keep the Lights On

A GIF shows the lights go out as four people run on treadmills and a trainer telling them to pick up the pace.

 © Artisticco Llc/Dreamstime.com; Animation Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

If you’re into exercise, why not help power a building while you work out? With the right equipment, human movement can be converted to electricity.

Several gyms have installed machines that harness the kinetic energy people generate when they move and convert that energy to electricity. A single workout by a single person doesn’t generate a ton of electricity. But a roomful of people can help keep the gym’s lights on. 

But you don’t have to go to a gym to make the most of your movement. Scientists have invented backpacks that generate electricity when the wearer is walking and the backpack is in motion.

Concert Cacophony?

Taylor Swift smiles and holds a guitar on stage during a concert.

© Mat Hayward—TAS23/Getty Images Entertainment

 Taylor Swift performs onstage during the Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour in Seattle, Washington, in 2023.

How loud are some typical sounds? A normal conversation is about 60 decibels (the unit for measuring sound), while a jet engine is about 140 decibels. The loudness of a music concert depends on the artist, of course.

In 1994, a band called Manowar set an official record for loudest band when it recorded 129.5 decibels of sound. (Experts say anything over 120 decibels is “painful” to the human ear.)

In 2024, a reporter measured the sound level at a Taylor Swift concert at 102.1 decibels. Swift may not be the loudest musician, but she’s been among the most popular for well over a decade.

You can learn more about Taylor Swift at Britannica!

WORD OF THE DAY

accessible

PART OF SPEECH:

sonorous

Definition:

: having a sound that is deep, loud, and pleasant

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