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The Unseen Ice Champion

Clarence “Taffy” Abel was among the first Native American pro hockey players—but he kept his Ojibwe heritage a secret.

Five men in 1920s Rangers uniforms stand on their ice with their hockey sticks while a sixth man kneels in front.

© New York Daily News Archive/Getty Images

Clarence “Taffy” Abel (second from left) poses with other members of the 1926–27 New York Rangers hockey team.

Clarence “Taffy” Abel skated into hockey history multiple times in his life as an Olympian and professional ice hockey player in the early 1900s—but part of his legacy wasn’t fully recognized until after his death. That is because Abel had kept his Ojibwe identity a secret.

Abel was born in the hockey-loving town of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, a city on the U.S.-Canada border. This area is also home to many Indigenous communities, including the Chippewa nation (now called Ojibwe) that Abel’s mother belonged to.

Around the age of 24, Abel represented his country at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France, as a member of the U.S. Olympic hockey team. He carried the American flag during the opening ceremony parade, becoming the first Native American to be the flag bearer at the Olympics. The U.S. hockey team went on to win the silver medal.

What nobody knew at the time was that Abel was Ojibwe. Abel grew up at a time when Native Americans faced severe discrimination, so he and his family downplayed his heritage so that he could have more opportunities.

“Taffy would have never got into the 1924 Winter Olympics if he would have [come] right out and said, Hey, I’m Native American,” George Jones, Abel’s nephew, told NPR.

Abel went on to have a successful career in the U.S. National Hockey League. He played for the newly formed New York Rangers and helped them win the Stanley Cup, hockey’s championship trophy, in 1928. He repeated the feat in 1934, this time while playing for the Chicago Blackhawks.

Abel became more open about his heritage once he retired from professional hockey. He died in 1964 and was inducted into the U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame nearly a decade later. He was inducted into the American Indian Athletic Hall of Fame in 1989.

The U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame web page dedicated to Abel said: “He left an indelible imprint in pro and amateur circles as a player, coach and manager. Taffy Abel was a name beloved by hockey followers across the continent.”

Did You Know?

Nearly 100 years after Abel’s Olympic performance, Abby Roque became the first Indigenous woman on the U.S. Olympic hockey team at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Like Abel, Roque is from Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. She’s a member of the Wahnapitae First Nation.

Abby Roque shoots a puck during a hockey game as an opposing player watches the puck.

© Gabriel Bouys—AFP/Getty Images

Abby Roque (in white) shoots the puck during the women’s gold medal match against Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

AI Offers Hope for Dying Languages

Children and an adult are in a classroom where a blackboard shows drawings of objects and the words for them in the Blackfeet Language.

© Joe Cavaretta/AP Images

Children belonging to the Blackfeet Nation learn words from the Blackfeet language at the Nizipuhwah Center in Browning, Montana.

Researchers are in a race against time to preserve endangered languages—including American Indian and Alaska Native languages. Some experts are turning to artificial intelligence (AI) for help. 

Experts say fewer young people are learning Indigenous languages, prompting worries that knowledge and culture will also fade.

“Within the next five to 10 years, we’ll lose most of the Native American languages in the U.S.,” said Michael Running Wolf in an interview with NBC News. Running Wolf leads First Languages AI Reality, an organization that aims to use speech recognition from audio recordings to help preserve endangered languages. If this project is successful, it could help revive dying languages all around the globe.

Another researcher working on this challenge is Ivory Yang, a doctoral student at Dartmouth University in the United States. Yang used a generative AI framework to create a digital dataset of a women’s-only endangered language from China called Nüshu. Yang’s success in preserving this rare language offers hope that a similar method could be used to digitize other languages that are no longer widely used and have few written or recorded examples. Yang has already identified Cherokee, a North American Indian language, as one such candidate.

Native American Heritage Month

© grandriver—E+/Getty Images, © Richard Tsong-Taatarii—Star Tribune/Getty Images, © Jad Davenport—National Geographic Image Collection/Alamy, © François Robert-Durand—AFP/Getty Images, Sgt. Sarah D. Sangster—U.S. Army Photo/U.S. Department of Defense

November is Native American Heritage Month in the U.S., honoring the hundreds of Indigenous nations and cultures within the country. Read more about the historic and current cultural traditions of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas at Britannica!

WORD OF THE DAY

sovereignty

PART OF SPEECH:

noun

Definition:

: a country’s independent authority and the right to govern itself

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