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Kayaking into History

Native American teenagers went on a kayaking journey to celebrate the restoration of a river that has long played an important part in their cultures.

A kayaker with a camera on his helmet uses a paddle to kayak through whitewater.

Courtesy of Rios to Rivers

A participant in the Paddle Tribal Waters program kayaks through whitewater in the Klamath River.

This summer, more than 120 Native American teens and young adults completed a historic kayaking trip that hadn’t been possible for more than 100 years. The Indigenous youth paddled 310 miles across 30 days to honor the restoration of the Klamath River, which runs from southern Oregon to northern California in the United States. This event was a celebration honoring the removal of four hydroelectric dams that had previously blocked the river.

Many Indigenous peoples of the U.S. Pacific Northwest region have historically relied on rivers for food, transportation, and cultural connection. For the people of the Klamath River basin, salmon are critical—the Klamath was once the third highest salmon-producing river in the contiguous United States. After 1918, dams blocked the annual salmon migration and thus severed the Indigenous communities’ historic ties to the river.

Since then, these Indigenous communities have been advocating for dam removal and the return of the salmon. Recently, efforts to remove several dams succeeded, and as of 2024 much of the Klamath flows continuously again.

“It’s just a big moment in history, and in everybody’s lives,” Isqotsxoyan Scott, one of the kayakers, told Oregon Public Broadcasting. “All of our families have been fighting for dam removal. Everybody’s been fighting for us to be able to reach different parts of the rivers that we haven’t been able to in over 150 years.” 

Kayakers like Scott spent years learning to kayak and navigate whitewater rapids in anticipation of this event. A program called Paddle Tribal Waters taught the Indigenous youth the kayaking skills they would need to be the first to paddle the river from its headwaters to the sea. The Klamath River group included young people from many Indigenous groups, including the Yurok, Klamath, Hoopa Valley, Karuk, Quartz Valley, and Warm Springs—all of which have historic connections to the river valley.

The first generation of salmon to be spawned since the dams were built can now make the return trip up the river.

“The river remembers,” said Susan Masten, a member of the Yurok Tribe. “The fish are coming back to spawn where they haven’t been able to be in a hundred years plus. The fish remember. We, as this river system, are healing.”

Click through the slideshow for more photos from this historic journey!

Courtesy of Erik Boomer/Rios to Rivers, Courtesy of Erik Boomer/Rios to Rivers, Courtesy of Erik Boomer/Rios to Rivers, Courtesy of Rios to Rivers, Courtesy of Matt Baker/Rios to Rivers, Courtesy of Erik Boomer/Rios to Rivers, Courtesy of Erik Boomer/Rios to Rivers

Fun Fact

Many cultures made boats for navigating on water, but the kayak originated with the Inuit of Greenland and Alaska. The first kayaks were made using animal skin stretched over driftwood or whalebone frames! 

A man wearing a coat with a fur lined hood kayaks through a marshy area.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; Edward S. Curtis (neg. no. LC-USZ62-116540)

This photo shows a kayaker in 1929.

An Olympics Like No Other

A young man has both feet high in the air and aiming toward a suspended ball.

© Patrick J. Endres—The Image Bank Unreleased/Getty Images

An athlete participates in the two-foot high kick at the 2016 World Eskimo-Indian Olympics.

Each summer, Native Americans and First Nations people gather to compete in the World Eskimo-Indian Olympics (WEIO) in Fairbanks, Alaska, in the United States. These Olympic games are unlike any other, combining athletics, survival skills, and cultural performances that celebrate Arctic Indigenous culture. 

The Arctic is one of the harshest environments in the world. Generations ago, Indigenous people created athletic games to practice survival skills and pass them on to young people. As a result, all the events challenge physical and mental tenacity.

Here are some of the events and their survival origins.

EventDescriptionOriginal Purpose
Scissor broad jumpAthletes travel as far as they can with four continuous jumps. The key is to not lose balance!To master jumping on ice floes and to keep warm
Four-man carryFour people drape themselves over the carrier. The carrier must then carry all of them as far as possible. To train to carry heavy prey or supplies over long distances
One-foot and two-foot high kickAthletes must jump up and kick a hanging ball—usually high above their head—and then land on their feet again. In the one-foot event, the ball-kick and landing must happen on the same foot!To practice communicating a successful hunt to someone in the distance
Dena stick pullTwo people compete against each other to pull a greased stick from the other person’s hand.To practice gripping a slippery fish
Ear pullLike playing tug-of-war with your ears, this game has two people pull on a looped string using only their ears! The goal is to pull the string off the opponent’s ear.To develop endurance to frostbite pain

This year, competitor Colton Paul broke his own world record for the scissor broad jump, leaping 39 feet 4.5 inches (1.199 meters). His previous record was 38 feet 7 inches (1.176 meters).

More than an athletic event, the WEIO also emphasizes cultural connection among the Indigenous communities who gather each year.

“We still have our cultures, we still have our traditions, we still have our languages,” Joeli Carlson told Alaska’s News Source. Carlson is the winner of the 2025 Miss WEIO pageant, another part of the games. “It’s all still intact, and it will be for generations to come.”

Something Seems Fishy

Several salmon are jumping up into a waterfall.

© IPGGutenbergUKLtd—iStock/Getty Images Plus

Salmon are remarkable fish—they travel upstream and jump over waterfalls to return to their spawning streams! The journey leaves the salmon almost unrecognizable. Learn why at Britannica.

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