Inventing the Fun

A child smiles during a water fight while running away from water that appears to be coming from a Super Soaker or similar toy.

Inventing the Fun

Life wouldn’t be as fun without the work of these three inventors.

A child smiles during a water fight while running away from water that appears to be coming from a Super Soaker or similar toy.

© Phil Walter/Getty Images

We owe a lot to inventors. Their innovations have kept our food cold, lit our homes, and kept us safe in moving traffic. But what about the things that make life fun? Here are three inventors who have brought us joy.

James West: The Microphone

A microphone moves down to James West’s mouth and musical notes emerge.

© ZUMA Press, Inc., © Anita/stock.adobe.com; Photo illustration Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

James West

What do Beyoncé, Taylor Swift, and BTS all have in common? They have all used microphones based on James West’s invention. In fact, probably every musical artist alive today has. West, along with co-inventor Gerhard Sessler, changed the world forever when they created the foil electret microphone in 1962. This highly sensitive device wasn’t the first microphone, but the new design made it easy to manufacture. Plus, it could be made small enough to fit into hearing aids and telephones. The foil electret microphone is still the basis for nearly all microphones and music recording equipment used today.

Lisa Gelobter: Web Animation

Lisa Gelobter is in front of a 1990s computer and a pair of sunglasses drop down to cover her eyes.

© An Rong Xu—The Washington Post/Getty Images, Macrovector/stock.adobe.com, © Soeren Schulz—iStock Editorial/Getty Images; Photo illustration Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Lisa Gelobter

Do you have a favorite website? Maybe it has colorful animations! The Internet would be less exciting if it weren’t for Lisa Gelobter! Gelobter, a computer scientist, helped create a tool that made it easy to add animation to websites. Before this, web pages were text-heavy with only still images. In other words, nothing moved. This was because animations and multimedia couldn’t be uploaded because they were such large files. Working with a team of engineers, Gelobter created technology that allowed developers to make the multimedia files smaller and thus put animated graphics on websites. This technology, called Shockwave, powered animation and multimedia on the web. Animated multimedia changed not only the Internet but also how people communicate. 

Lonnie Johnson: The Super Soaker

Lonnie Johnson holds his patent as illustrated water drops move in and soak him.

© Thomas S England—The Chronicle Collection/Getty Images; Photo illustration Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Lonnie Johnson

Lonnie Johnson’s story may be the best of all. Johnson is an engineer who worked for NASA helping send robotic probes into space. But during his free time, he created a toy that changed summer fun—the Super Soaker. Used for water fights and summer games, the Super Soaker squirts a stream of water, making it the ideal toy for summer fun with friends. People loved it so much, it became America’s top-selling toy of the early 1990s. The fun didn’t stop there for Johnson, who went on to invent other technology used in Nerf toys.

February is Black History Month! For more Black History Month coverage, check out our February 2 page.

NEWS BREAK

Jesse Jackson Has Died

© Bettmann/Getty Images

In this 1983 photo, Jesse Jackson announces that he is running in the 1984 U.S. presidential election.

Civil rights leader Jesse Jackson has died. He was 84.

 Born in South Carolina in 1941, Jackson grew up at a time when the southern United States was racially segregated. He began protesting segregation while still a teen and eventually worked alongside civil rights icon Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

 Jackson dedicated his life to the fight for civil rights. In 1971 he founded an organization called PUSH to help Black Americans get jobs and open businesses. He later founded the Rainbow Coalition to help all Americans in a broader fight for equal opportunities.

 Jackson ran for president twice—in 1984 and 1988. Although he did not win, his efforts made history. No other Black candidate had been so successful in a presidential election up to that point.

 Jackson’s work expanded outside the United States. He spoke out against a racist system called apartheid in South Africa and peacefully negotiated for the release of prisoners of war during international conflicts.

 “[Our father’s] unwavering belief in justice, equality, and love uplifted millions,” his family said in a statement. “And we ask you to honor his memory by continuing the fight for the values he lived by.”

NEWS EXTRA

Olympic Highlights!

Kokomo Murase is nearly upside down and in the air while holding onto her snowboard.

© Kirill Kudryavtsev—AFP/Getty Images

Kokomo Murase of Japan competes in the women’s big air final at the 2026 Olympic Games.

The 2026 Winter Olympic Games are in full swing in Italy! Don’t worry if you’ve been missing the action—the Games will continue until February 22.

Here’s just a taste of what has happened so far.

  • Two athletes from Japan won big medals—gold—for catching big air. In big air snowboarding, athletes go down a ramp and then do a trick in the air. Kokomo Murase completed a trick called a frontside triple 14 to win the gold medal in the women’s big air finals.  Kira Kimura won the gold medal in the men’s big air finals with a trick called the Run 3 switch backside 1980.
  • Franjo von Allmen of Switzerland is the reigning king of alpine skiing! The 24-year-old won gold in all three alpine events: the downhill, the super-G, and the men’s team combined. On the women’s side, Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn of the United States broke her leg in the downhill race, ending her attempt to make a comeback. American Breezy Johnson won the gold medal.
  • Laurence Fournier Beaudry and Guillaume Cizeron of France took home the gold medal in ice dancing. The pair defeated three-time world champions Madison Chock and Evan Bates of the United States, who had been favored to win. Chock and Bates came in second, winning the silver medal.
  • Italian speed skater Francesca Lollobrigida won gold medals in the women’s 3,000-meter and 5,000-meter races, bringing her Olympic career medal total to four. The home crowd cheered when Lollobrigida completed the 5,000-meter race just 0.10 seconds before Merel Conijn of the Netherlands, who won the silver. Lollobrigida has now won more Olympic medals than any other Italian speed skater in the history of the Games.

Did You Know?

The Pet Rock was one of the most absurd toy crazes in history. That’s right, it really was just a rock. 

This quirky “toy” became a cultural obsession in the 1970s when millions of people in the United States bought their very own Pet Rock.

Gary Dahl stands at a cash register and holds a box that reads Pet Rock next to rocks and additional boxes and in front of a sign saying one million rocks have been sold.

© Bettmann/Getty Images

Gary Dahl (seen here in 1975) created the Pet Rock in the 1970s.

It’s the Year of the Horse!

Colorful lanterns, two horses and a pegasus, are lit up against the night sky.

© Feature China—Future Publishing/Getty Images

A set of horse lanterns are lit up during a lantern show in China in January 2026.

On February 17, billions of people around the world will celebrate Lunar New Year and with it, the start of the Year of the Horse. The Lunar New Year is an annual festival that begins between January 21 and February 20, depending on the cycles of the Moon. It is traditionally celebrated in Asian countries such as China, Vietnam, and South Korea. People of Asian descent also celebrate this annual holiday in their communities around the globe.

Lunar New Year celebrations typically include family gatherings, specials foods, red decorations, and lanterns. In China, the Lunar New Year also marks a change in the Chinese Zodiac. The zodiac consists of 12 animals. People are thought to have the personality traits of the animal that represents their birth year. The 2026 Lunar New Year marks the end of the Year of the Snake and the start of the Year of the Horse. You can find your animal in the image below.

Cultures around the world have holidays that follow a lunar calendar. Many people in India celebrate Diwali, which follows the Hindu lunar calendar. Muslim and Jewish peoples around the globe also celebrate respective holidays aligned with the Moon’s cycle. 

A circular lunar calendar matches the 12 zodiac animals with their years for the first several years of the 21st century.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Find your birth year to learn which animal is linked to it.

A Legendary Festival

A performer manipulates the head of a monster resembling a dragon as another performer manipulates another object.

© Then Chih Wey/Xinhua News Agency—Xinjiapo/Getty Images

People perform “The Story of the Nian” as part of a Lunar New Year celebration in Singapore in 2020.

Lunar New Year festivities date back thousands of years. Some traditions developed to ward away “Nian,” a frightening monster at the center of an ancient legend. Read more about the origins of the holiday at Britannica!

WORD OF THE WEEK

gizmo

PART OF SPEECH:

noun

Definition:

: a usually small mechanical or electronic device

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In Case You Missed It

Once part of the Winter Olympics, these sports are now iced out.
February 5, 2026
Heavyweight boxing champion and civil rights icon Muhammad Ali is being commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.
January 29, 2026
People are racing to save a beloved winter wonder on Japan’s Mount Zao.
January 22, 2026
Quilen Blackwell plants seeds of hope by turning abandoned city lots into urban flower gardens.
January 15, 2026

How to Cite This Page

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“In the News: Inventing the Fun.” Britannica School, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 13 Feb. 2026. https://news.eb.com/level2/inventing-the-fun/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2026 [Replace this date with today’s date.]

Where Is the Ski Ballet?

On a ski slope, a woman on skis uses two poles to flip her body in the air.

Where Is the Ski Ballet?

Once part of the Winter Olympics, these sports are now iced out.

On a ski slope, a woman on skis uses two poles to flip her body in the air.

© Chris Cole—Allsport/Getty Images

The graceful sport of ski ballet was once part of the Olympics.

The 2026 Winter Olympic Games are underway! When you think about the Winter Olympics, you may picture classic sports like ice hockey and snowboarding. But what about ski ballet? It is one of a handful of sports that were once proudly part of the Olympic experience but won’t be on display at this year’s games. Let’s take a trip down a snowy memory lane to learn about this and other curious winter sports events.

Ski Ballet

Years it was last part of the Olympics: 1988 and 1992

A man wearing skis holds out two poles while in a lunge position on a slope.

© Chris Cole—Allsport/Getty Images

Ski ballet combined skiing and dancing.

Graceful twirls and leaps weren’t always just for figure skating; ski ballet had them too. Also called “acroski,” the sport combined freestyle skiing with dancing. Athletes performed a 90-second dance routine as they skied down a mountain, using ski poles to help vault themselves into twists and flips. The judges scored each performance based on difficulty, execution, and creativity. Ski ballet appeared in two Winter Olympics as a “demonstration sport,” which is a sport that the host nation promotes with the hope it will become an Olympic sport in the future. Despite the athleticism and fun of ski ballet, it never became an official event.

Compulsory Figures

Years it was last part of the Olympics: 1924–1988

Side by side images show skaters Peggy Flemming and Paul Wylie doing compulsory figures as judges watch.

© Bettmann/Getty Images, © PCN Photography/Alamy; Photo composite Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

(Right) U.S. figure skater Peggy Flemming does compulsory figures during a 1968 competition. (Left) U.S. figure skater Paul Wylie does compulsory figures during the 1988 Winter Olympics.

Figure skating is filled with gravity-defying jumps and spins that athletes must perform with grace and ease—all while on ice skates. But part of the Olympic figure skating competition used to include compulsory figures, a technical event judged not for the performance, but for the end result: geometric circles and designs carved into the ice from the athlete’s skates. Compulsory figures demonstrated a skater’s ability to make clean, round turns on skates. It also gave “figure skating” its name.

Compulsory figures used to be part of a figure skater’s overall competition score, but it was discontinued after the 1988 Olympics. The first Black athlete of any nation to medal at the Winter Olympics, Debi Thomas, was also the last compulsory figures champion.

Sled Dog Racing

Year it was last part of the Olympics: 1932

A team of sled dogs pull a dog sled with a musher at the helm.

© Mauro Ujetto—NurPhoto/Getty Images

A dogsled team competes at the International Federation of Dog Sledding Sprint and Distance European Championship 2020 in Italy.

What if the Winter Olympics featured furry athletes alongside the human ones? This happened in 1932 with sled dog racing! Still popular in cold and arctic regions, sled dog racing at the games featured teams of six sled dogs, each pulling a sled and driver, also called a musher, around a snow-covered course. The driver and dogs worked together to complete the course as fast as possible. While sled dog racing was only a one-time demonstration sport, many mushers hope sled dog racing will become part of the Winter Olympics again one day. 

Would you like to see any of these events return to the Winter Olympics?

Did You Know?

The fastest sport at the Winter Olympics is the luge! In this event, athletes speed feet-first down an icy track on a small sled. The top lugers reach speeds exceeding 90 miles per hour (145 kilometers per hour)!

A luge competitor lies on her back on a luge sled and races down a track, making the background blurry.

© Marius Becker/dpa—picture alliance/Getty Images

In this January 2025 photo, luge competitor Anna Berreiter of Germany races down the track at the Alpine Luge World Cup.

Baldé’s Blades of Joy

Elladj Baldé skates on one leg with the other leg extended behind him.

© Cristina Andina/Getty Images

Figure Skater Elladj Baldé performs in a 2019 ice show called Revolution on Ice.

Like many competitive figure skaters, Elladj Baldé dreamed of competing at the Olympics. He came close in 2014 but just missed making the Canadian team that year. Since then, Baldé has turned disappointment into a journey to celebrate skating beyond the Olympics and bring more young people of color to the ice. 

Baldé described the heartbreaking moment he felt his dream slip from his grasp.

“When I realized that the Olympics wasn’t necessarily my path, I lost complete sense of who I was,” he said in an interview with Olympics.com. This caused the Canadian figure skater to seek purpose in performance beyond competition. Now he’s using social media to share the joy of skating with people who wouldn’t otherwise get the chance.

Baldé is currently one of the biggest social media stars of the figure skating world, with millions of followers who watch his skating videos online. He uses his social media platform to improve racial inclusion in his beloved sport, particularly to help fund training for skaters of color. Baldé himself has Russian and Guinean ancestry. 

“What has happened with social media and the amount of success I’ve been able to experience, I know [that] has already created a wave of skaters that believe that they can be part of this sport,” said Baldé in another interview. He hopes the figure skating joy will continue to grow.

“There’s so many layers to skating; it’s such a beautiful sport. … And you can use that to express yourself in some of the most beautiful ways.”

Sweeping to Victory!

Two women in South Korean curling uniforms sweep a curling stone while their teammate watches from behind.

© Harry How/Getty Images

South Korea’s curling team competes at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea.

The 2026 Winter Olympic Games are taking place in Italy right now, including an ice-based sport that does not require skates but does require a broom! 

Read more about the curious sport of curling at Britannica.

WORD OF THE WEEK

fervid

PART OF SPEECH:

adjective

Definition:

: having or showing feelings that are very strong or too strong

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Criss Cross

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In Case You Missed It

Once part of the Winter Olympics, these sports are now iced out.
February 5, 2026
Heavyweight boxing champion and civil rights icon Muhammad Ali is being commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.
January 29, 2026
People are racing to save a beloved winter wonder on Japan’s Mount Zao.
January 22, 2026
Quilen Blackwell plants seeds of hope by turning abandoned city lots into urban flower gardens.
January 15, 2026

A Stamp for a Champ

A portrait of Muhammad Ali is positioned next to a sheet of postage stamps featuring his name and photo.

A Stamp for a Champ

Heavyweight boxing champion and civil rights icon Muhammad Ali is being commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.

A portrait of Muhammad Ali is positioned next to a sheet of postage stamps featuring his name and photo.

Courtesy of USPS

The new Muhammad Ali postage stamps feature Ali’s name and a photo from his boxing career.

Muhammad Ali has already stamped his name in the record books as the greatest heavyweight boxer of all time—and now he’s getting an actual postage stamp. The stamp honors the athlete and activist just in time for Black History Month, a celebration of the achievements of African Americans.

Before he was known as Muhammad Ali, Cassius Clay was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1942. He began boxing at 12 years old and quickly rose through the ranks to become a gold-medal Olympic champion by 1960. In 1964, when he was 22, Clay won the world heavyweight boxing title by defeating Sonny Liston. At the time, Liston was the reigning heavyweight champion and was favored to win the fight. Shortly after his victory, the newly crowned champ renounced his birth name and took the name Muhammad Ali.

Ali would go on to win a total of three heavyweight championships. His overall boxing record of 56 wins and five losses cemented his legacy as an unlickable (unbeatable) boxer. At some point in his career, Ali joked that having his photo on a postage stamp would be “the only way I’ll ever get licked.” (At the time, people had to lick stamps to get them to stick to envelopes.)

Ali’s status as a champion fighter does not stay within the bounds of the boxing ring—he is also remembered for his fight to end racial inequality. Ali knew his image as a sports hero could help draw attention to the harsh discrimination Black people faced in the United States, so he used his voice to be a champion for change. 

“When you saw me in the boxing ring fighting, it wasn’t just so I could beat my opponent. My fighting had a purpose,” said Ali. “I had to be successful in order to get people to listen to the things I had to say…. I wanted to be a champion who was accessible to everyone. I hoped to inspire others to take control of their lives and to live with pride and self-determination.”

Ali died in 2016 at age 74 after struggling for years with the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. He is remembered for a lifetime of championing social justice and humanitarian causes that promote peace and equality.

Click through the slideshow for photos from Ali’s remarkable life.

© Bettmann/Getty Images, © Central Press—Hulton Archive/Getty Images, © Bettmann/Getty Images, © Bettmann/Getty Images, © Chris Stanford/Allsport—AFP/Getty Images, © Ethan Miller—Keep Memory Alive/Getty Images

NEWS EXTRA

Celebrate Black History Month

A round pin with stars and stripes around the edges has a composite of portraits of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass in the center.

© Heritage Art/Heritage Images—Hulton Archive/Getty Images

Black History Month occurs during the birth month of Abraham Lincoln (left) and Frederick Douglass.

February is Black History Month in the United States. It’s a time to celebrate the contributions Black Americans have made to U.S. history and culture. 

Although Black History Month became official in 1976, its history dates back 100 years. In 1926, a group called the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History began observing “Negro History Week” in February. The group chose February because it was the birth month of two important figures in the history of civil rights: U.S. president Abraham Lincoln and civil rights activist Frederick Douglass. 

Black History Month celebrations take place in schools, libraries, museums, and more. You can also ask a librarian or a teacher for books about Black history and by Black authors. There are so many opportunities to learn more about people and events that have shaped the history and achievements of the United States.

Did You Know?

Willie O’Ree made history as the first Black hockey player in the National Hockey League when he joined the Boston Bruins in 1958. The trailblazing Canadian received his own commemorative stamp in 2023!

Willie O’Ree plays hockey in his Bruins uniform alongside players from the opposing team.

© Bettman/Getty Images

Willie O’Ree (number 25) of the Boston Bruins during a 1960 hockey game.

Winter Olympics Begin in Italy

Skiers move along a marked trail that is climbing a mountain.

© Uwe Lein/dpa—Picture Alliance/Getty Images

Athletes in action during the 2025 ISMF Ski Mountaineering World Cup in Austria. This was a qualifying event for the 2026 Winter Olympics.

This winter, more than 3,500 athletes from 93 countries will gather in Italy to compete in the 2026 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. The Olympic Games will start with an opening ceremony on February 6, and the Paralympic Games, a competition for athletes with disabilities, will begin a month later, on March 6.

The Olympics include just about any snow and ice sport you can think of, including alpine skiing, bobsleigh, curling, figure skating, ice hockey, luge, ski jumping, snowboarding, and speed skating. 

Ski mountaineering, also called skimo, is a new addition to the winter sport lineup. The sport mimics the skills used by mountain explorers and requires racers to ski up and down a mountain course. Skimo competitors tackle slippery slopes with the help of “skins,” which they put on the bottom of their skis. The skins look like pieces of sticky carpet and provide traction so that the skis won’t slide backward down the mountain. 

African American History at a Glance

A composite of photos include Misty Copeland dancing, Louis Armstrong playing the trumpet, Katherine Johnson doing calculations at a desk, and Kareem Abdul-Jabar dunking a basketball during a game.

© Hiroyuki Ito/Getty Images, © Gerald T. Coli/Dreamstime.com, NASA, William P. Gottlieb Collection/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; Photo composite Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

(Top row, left to right) Dancer Misty Copeland, musician Louis Armstrong. (Bottom row, left to right) Mathematician Katherine Johnson, basketball player Kareem Abdul-Jabar.

Trailblazing African Americans have made history in countless ways, from Katherine Johnson’s critical calculations that sent astronauts to the Moon to Louis Armstrong’s thrilling jazz music. Read about the cultural and historic contributions of African Americans at Britannica!

WORD OF THE DAY

firebrand

PART OF SPEECH:

noun

Definition:

: a person who tries to get people to become angry and to do things for a political or social cause

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Crossword

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In Case You Missed It

Once part of the Winter Olympics, these sports are now iced out.
February 5, 2026
Heavyweight boxing champion and civil rights icon Muhammad Ali is being commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.
January 29, 2026
People are racing to save a beloved winter wonder on Japan’s Mount Zao.
January 22, 2026
Quilen Blackwell plants seeds of hope by turning abandoned city lots into urban flower gardens.
January 15, 2026

Japan’s Disappearing Snow Monsters

Snow has covered evergreen trees on a hillside, making them look like snow creatures.

Japan’s Disappearing Snow Monsters

People are racing to save a beloved winter wonder on Japan’s Mount Zao.

Snow has covered evergreen trees on a hillside, making them look like snow creatures.

© weniliou/stock.adobe.com

These snow-covered trees on Japan’s Mount Zao are known as juhyo.

Each winter, giant snow monsters appear across the landscape of Japan’s Mount Zao. Though they may look like towering ghosts or abominable snowmen, these “monsters” are just trees encased in snow and ice. People travel from all over the world to see this rare natural wonder—but new research shows that it’s at risk of disappearing. 

The monsters, called juhyo in Japanese, occur when cold and windy weather brings a supercooled, icy rain to the mountain. The icy rain freezes immediately when it meets the fir trees, encasing them in layers of ice and snow. The phenomenon turns the whole mountain into an otherworldly landscape. 

However, a team of Japanese researchers confirmed that the snow monsters are not growing as large as they did nearly 100 years ago.

“In the 1930s, we saw juhyo five to six metres [16–20 feet] across,” said Fumitaka Yanagisawa to the BBC. Yanagisawa is a professor at Japan’s Yamagata University who studies juhyo. “Since 2019, many are half a metre [1.6 feet] or less. Some are barely columns.”

A man stands facing away from the camera and looking at snow-covered trees that resemble snow creatures.

© weniliou/stock.adobe.com

A hiker gets a look at Japan’s snow monsters.

Yanagisawa pointed to two environmental factors affecting the snow monsters: harmful insects and a warming climate. Insect outbreaks have hurt the fir trees, causing them to lose needles or damaging the bark, so many trees have died. This means there are fewer branches for the winter rain to freeze onto and create the iconic juhyo shape.

A warming climate also means the juhyo are melting faster and the special conditions that make the supercooled rain are increasingly rare. Still, the local community is racing to save the snow monsters. A collaboration between the local government and high school students is focusing on planting young fir trees on the mountain to revive the mountain forests.

“They are called snow monsters because nothing else looks like them,” said Kanon Taniai, one of the students helping plant trees, to the BBC. “I want the world to see them, and to feel how special Japan’s nature is.”

Did You Know?

Dragons are mythical creatures—or are they? Southeast Asia is home to a type of small, flying lizard that can glide through the air with wing-like membranes. These flying lizards belong to the genus Draco, which is Latin for “dragon.”

Side by side images show a flying lizard in flight and climbing the side of a tree trunk.

© Lauren, ksumano/stock.adobe.com; Photo composite Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

A flying lizard glides through the rainforest in Indonesia (left) and climbs a tree.

A Case of Mistaken Identity

A pack of Nanotyrannus dinosaurs attack a juvenile T. rex.

© Anthony Hutchings/Friends of the NC Museum of Natural Sciences

In this illustration, a pack of Nanotyrannus dinosaurs attack a Tyrannosaurus rex that is not fully grown.

Paleontologists have uncovered a new dinosaur predator, while also revealing a case of mistaken identity for a skeleton within a famous fossil called the Dueling Dinosaurs. 

The fossil shows two dinosaurs—a leaf-eating Triceratops and a young predator—seemingly locked in a deadly battle. For decades, many experts thought the small, fierce predator in the fossil was a teen Tyrannosaurus rex. However, a recent study confirms that the fossil is a related, but entirely different, “dwarf” species of tyrannosaur called the Nanotyrannus.

Ultimately, key clues helped reveal the identity of the predator skeleton. Paleontologists studied the fossil’s arm length and bone growth rings to conclude the tyrannosaur was a fully grown adult dinosaur—not a young one.

A computer rendering of a fossil of a Triceratops and a Nanotyrannus in a position that suggests they were fighting.

© Julius Csotonyi/Friends of the NC Museum of Natural Sciences

This is a computer-made image of a fossil showing a Triceratops (left) and a Nanotyrannus fighting.

The new identification shows how these predators compare to each other. An adult Nanotyrannus would have reached about 18 feet (5.5 meters) in length and weighed about 1,500 pounds (680 kilograms). This is a fraction of the size of the colossal T. rex, which could grow longer than 42 feet (12.8 meters) and weigh 18,000 pounds (8,165 kilograms). In other words, if the T. rex were a city bus, the Nanotyrannus would be a small car. 

“This discovery paints a richer, more competitive picture of the last days of the dinosaurs,” said Lindsay Zanno, who is head of paleontology at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, where the fossil is housed. 

“With enormous size, a powerful bite force and stereoscopic vision, T. rex was a formidable predator, but it did not reign uncontested. Darting alongside was Nanotyrannus—a leaner, swifter, and more agile hunter.”

King of the Monsters

The head and shoulders of a lit-up Godzilla statue are seen against a night sky and two buildings.

© Chris McGrath/Getty Images

Godzilla has starred in many movies. In this photo, a huge Godzilla statue looms over Tokyo, Japan, during an event related to the release of a 2014 Godzilla film.

Many monster stories come from ancient folklore and legends, but Godzilla is a more recent tale. This massive creature first appeared in the 1954 Japanese film Godzilla and has inspired monster movies ever since. Read more about the classic film, and the classic monster, at Britannica! 

WORD OF THE DAY

behemoth

PART OF SPEECH:

noun

Definition:

: something very big and powerful

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Word Flower

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In Case You Missed It

Once part of the Winter Olympics, these sports are now iced out.
February 5, 2026
Heavyweight boxing champion and civil rights icon Muhammad Ali is being commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.
January 29, 2026
People are racing to save a beloved winter wonder on Japan’s Mount Zao.
January 22, 2026
Quilen Blackwell plants seeds of hope by turning abandoned city lots into urban flower gardens.
January 15, 2026

A Blooming Hero

Quilen Blackwell smiles and poses with flowers

A Blooming Hero

Quilen Blackwell plants seeds of hope by turning abandoned city lots into urban flower gardens.

Quilen Blackwell smiles and poses with flowers

Southside Blooms

Quilen Blackwell poses with flowers grown by his business, Southside Blooms.

For Quilen Blackwell, business is blooming—literally. Blackwell’s vision to turn empty city lots into colorful flower gardens has helped transform Englewood, a neighborhood in the U.S. city of Chicago, revitalizing the area and creating jobs for young people. It has also earned Blackwell CNN’s 2025 Hero of the Year award.

Despite being part of a major city, Englewood has a history of poverty due to a lack of development in the area. Many houses and businesses are left abandoned, and there are limited job opportunities for young people. While others may have looked at this area as barren, Blackwell saw a fertile opportunity to grow a business. 

“Most people will see the trash, the vacant lots,” Blackwell told CNN in an interview. “But for me, I see potential.”

Quilen Blackwell faces away from the camera and looks over a bed of flowers.

Southside Blooms

Quilen Blackwell (in the foreground) looks over a flower garden operated by Southside Blooms.

Inspiration took root in Blackwell’s mind when he learned that the U.S. flower industry gets most of its cut flowers from other countries. 

“I said, ‘Wait a minute. Why are we importing flowers from other countries when we have all this land, all of this youth?’” Blackwell told CNN. “Maybe flowers are the answer.”

Blackwell and his wife, Hannah, started a “farm-to-vase” garden and flower shop in Englewood. The business, called Southside Blooms, sells the locally grown flowers. The Blackwells also hire young people from the neighborhood who might not have other job opportunities.

Quilen Blackwell and a Southside Blooms employee unload a tray of plants from the back of a vehicle.

Southside Blooms

Quilen Blackwell (right) and a Southside Blooms employee unload a tray of plants.

“Our young people are blossoming and blooming every single day,” he said. “As long as they’re getting all of the ingredients they need to be successful, there’s nothing that they can’t do.” 

Today, Blackwell’s nonprofit has turned six lots into flower gardens, and he dreams of expanding the nonprofit to other cities around the country.

Did You Know?

Cities are often called “urban jungles” because there are more buildings than trees, but Tampa, Florida, is an exception. According to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), trees cover more than a third of Tampa’s land!

Several tall palm trees and buildings as seen from the ground with a blue sky in the background.

© Gabriele Maltinti/stock.adobe.com

Palm trees grow in Tampa, Florida.

They Had a Dream: Global Human Rights Leaders

© Bettmann/Getty Images, © Universal History Archive—Universal Images Group/Getty Images,  © Walter Dhladhla—AFP/Getty Images,  ©AFP—AFP/Getty Images

January 19, 2026, is Martin Luther King, Jr., Day in the United States. This holiday honors the American civil rights leader who helped lead the movement to end racial discrimination and promote equal rights. 

A major aspect of King’s legacy was his commitment to nonviolent resistance. Nonviolence is a form of protest that uses peaceful actions like boycotts, marches, and civil disobedience to draw attention to unjust laws. Among King’s famous nonviolent protests were the Montgomery Bus Boycott, in which Black Americans refused to use segregated buses in Montgomery, Alabama, and the March on Washington, where King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech to hundreds of thousands of protesters.

King’s dedication to nonviolence was inspired by another global leader: Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi used nonviolent resistance to lead the Indian Independence Movement against British colonization in India. He and his followers protested British rule by organizing hunger strikes and marches, both of which ultimately contributed to India winning its independence in 1947. 

Nonviolent resistance methods have been used in movements around the world. Nelson Mandela and other activists used nonviolent protests to help end apartheid—a system of racial discrimination—in South Africa. Aung San Suu Kyi led a nonviolent struggle to bring democracy to Myanmar. 

Like King, these leaders spent time in prison for their efforts to improve human rights in their countries. Rather than give up, they kept on fighting. They also earned honors and awards for their dedication to peace and nonviolent change.

The slideshow at the top of this article features all four iconic leaders in action.

From Prison to President

Nelson and Winnie Mandela each hold one arm up and smile with a crowd in the background.

© Allan Tannenbaum—The Chronicle Collection/Getty Images

Nelson Mandela and his wife, Winnie, raise their fists in celebration after Mandela’s release from 27 years in prison.

Nelson Mandela fought to end racial discrimination and apartheid (legal racial segregation) in South Africa, which eventually led to his imprisonment for nearly 30 years. After his release in 1990, Mandela helped end apartheid laws. In 1994, he was elected president of a new democratic government. Read more about Mandela’s life at Britannica!

WORD OF THE DAY

cultivate

PART OF SPEECH:

verb

Definition:

: to improve or develop (something) by careful attention, training, or study

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In Case You Missed It

Once part of the Winter Olympics, these sports are now iced out.
February 5, 2026
Heavyweight boxing champion and civil rights icon Muhammad Ali is being commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.
January 29, 2026
People are racing to save a beloved winter wonder on Japan’s Mount Zao.
January 22, 2026
Quilen Blackwell plants seeds of hope by turning abandoned city lots into urban flower gardens.
January 15, 2026

Treasures From a Sunken City

Six divers walk away from the water. Five of them are carrying a large object that resembles a block of cement.

Treasures From a Sunken City

Divers are working with archaeologists to help pull ancient Egyptian artifacts from the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.

Five divers strike celebratory poses in a body of water as equipment is used to pull a large object out of the water.

© Khaled Desouiki—AFP/Getty Images

Divers celebrate as a crane pulls an artifact out of the waters off the coast of Alexandria, Egypt, in 2025.

About 1,200 years ago, earthquakes and rising sea levels caused part of an Egyptian city to sink beneath the Mediterranean Sea, carrying countless treasures with it below the waves. Scuba divers, archaeologists, and Egyptian officials are working together to bring some of these artifacts back to the surface. 

Statues, coins, pottery, and ship parts are among the treasures pulled from the Abu Qir Bay, off the coast of Alexandria, Egypt. The artifacts come from Canopus, which was a thriving coastal city thousands of years ago. One statue pulled from the water was of a sphinx—a mythical creature with the head of a man and the body of a lion—that dated back at least 3,000 years to the rule of Egyptian king Ramses II. Other statues depict Roman and Macedonian nobles, showing that several ancient dynasties influenced the city culture before it sank into the depths.

Six divers walk away from the water. Five of them are carrying a large object that resembles a block of cement.

© Khaled Desouiki—AFP/Getty Images

Divers carry an ancient artifact to land on the coast of Alexandria.

The coasts of Egypt are home to many sites of “underwater cultural heritage,” which is the term for places with shipwrecks and submerged artworks and other historic objects. While some items have been retrieved, many treasures will remain in the water that claimed them.

“There’s a lot underwater, but what we’re able to bring up is limited,” said Sherif Fathi, an Egyptian government official who spoke to the media at the Abu Qir Bay site. “The rest will remain part of our sunken heritage.”

Did You Know?

There are countless buried historical treasures around the world! Greece has so many that the nation opened the first underwater museum where divers can visit an ancient shipwreck.

A diver examines a large number of clay jugs sitting on the sea floor.

© Cristian Umili—Mondadori Portfolio/Getty Images

A diver explores pottery from an ancient shipwreck off the coast of Alonissos Island, Greece. This area is now the home of the Alonissos Underwater Museum.

Origami Rescue

Miles Wu smiles and holds a trophy in front of a backdrop reading Junior Innovators Challenge

Jessica Yurinko Photography/Licensed by Society for Science

Fourteen-year-old Miles Wu poses after winning the Thermo Fisher Scientific Junior Innovators Challenge.

Could origami—the art of paper folding—help people needing shelter after a wildfire or a hurricane? 

This question inspired 14-year-old Miles Wu’s research project, which focused on origami-inspired engineering for disaster relief shelters. Miles, a longtime origami fan, studied the strength of the Miura-ori fold pattern as a design for a temporary structure. 

Miura-ori is the name of an origami fold created by Japanese astrophysicist Koryo Miura. When folded in this pattern, a material can be stored in a small space but can also be unfolded in a swift movement. Miura-ori has been used to make satellite solar panels that go to space. 

Miles’s research shows that variations of this pattern could work to create a lightweight, easy-to-store emergency shelter that, once unfolded, would be strong enough to protect people. 

“Miura-ori are really strong, lightweight, and compactable, meaning they could offer a better alternative as deployable structures in emergency situations,” said Miles in an interview with the Society for Science.

Two hands expand and contract a piece of paper that has been folded in the Miura-ori origami fold.

Courtesy of Lisa Fryklund/Licensed by Society for Science; Photo composite Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Miles Wu demonstrates the Miura-ori origami fold.

Miles’s research project earned him the top prize and $25,000 in the Thermo Fisher Scientific Junior Innovators Challenge, the top science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) competition for middle schoolers in the United States.

Miles is already looking ahead to applying the Miura-ori fold in the real world. 

“I would [like to] expand my project and prototype an actual origami shelter that could really be used in real life,” he said. He is also encouraging others to use their hobbies as a source of inspiration for research projects. “Follow your hobbies and your passions in STEM because you don’t know where it could lead you.”

The Search for Buried Treasure

An illustrated treasure map is labeled Treasure Island and credited as having come from Robert Louis Stevenson’s book.

Geography and Map Division/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (G9930 1954 .H4)

This map was included in a 1954 edition of the novel Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson. First published in 1883, the book is about an adventure in search of a buried treasure.

The excitement of buried and sunken treasure has inspired fictional and real-life adventurers to hunt for tombs and shipwrecks. 

Read more about famous treasure hunts at Britannica!

WORD OF THE DAY

submerge

PART OF SPEECH:

verb

Definition:

: to make (someone or something) go under the surface of water or some other liquid: to cover (someone or something) with a liquid

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In Case You Missed It

Once part of the Winter Olympics, these sports are now iced out.
February 5, 2026
Heavyweight boxing champion and civil rights icon Muhammad Ali is being commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.
January 29, 2026
People are racing to save a beloved winter wonder on Japan’s Mount Zao.
January 22, 2026
Quilen Blackwell plants seeds of hope by turning abandoned city lots into urban flower gardens.
January 15, 2026

City Raccoons: Why the Short Face?

Closeup of a young raccoon on a plastic trash can with a wicker basket and tarp also in frame.

City Raccoons: Why the Short Face?

Shorter snouts on city raccoons show they’re becoming tamer than forest raccoons. 

Closeup of a young raccoon on a plastic trash can with a wicker basket and tarp also in frame.

© Patrick Pleul/dpa—picture alliance/Getty Images

A young raccoon sits on a garbage pile in Germany.

Raccoon faces are instantly recognizable: their mask-like facial markings and habit of rummaging in trash bins has earned them the affectionate nickname “trash bandit.” New research shows that the face of the trash bandit is changing—literally! Biologists say urban raccoons now have shorter faces than their forest-dwelling peers, meaning they could be in early stages of domestication. In other words, they’re becoming tamer.

In the wild, raccoons will eat nearly anything they can from plants or animals. In an urban environment—meaning in a city or town—the easiest place to find food is in garbage cans.

“Wherever humans go, there is trash. Animals love our trash. All they have to do is endure our presence, not be aggressive, and then they can feast on anything we throw away,” said Raffaela Lesch, a biologist at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock in the United States.

A profile of a raccoon standing or walking in water.

© Stan/stock.adobe.com

A wild raccoon in a body of water

Lesch wondered whether city raccoons were physically changing because of this human connection. Leading a team of biologists, Lesch helped analyze thousands of raccoon images. The research showed that raccoons living in or near cities and towns had shorter snouts.

This means city raccoons could be on the same pathway to domestication as dogs and house cats, who also have shorter snouts and smaller jaws than their wild relatives. These changes occurred as the wild dog and cat ancestors grew tamer.

A raccoon climbs a public trash can while two other raccoons stand nearby.

© Holly/stock.adobe.com

A group of raccoons investigates a trash can in the U.S. state of Florida.

Though humans are not actively trying to tame raccoons, Lesch’s research shows that simply living in human environments is causing a physical change in these animals.

Lesch said it would be fitting if our next domesticated species were raccoons. “I feel like it would be funny if we called the domesticated version of the raccoon the trash panda.”

Did You Know?

Raccoons will sometimes “wash” their food in water—but not to clean the food. Instead, the water helps their paws feel the food so that they know what they are eating.

A raccoon stands in a stream holding food in its paws and partially under the water.

© Clement Philippe—Arterra Picture Library/Alamy

A raccoon washes its food in a stream.

New Year Celebrations Around the World

A man stands on a ladder and hangs multiple red lanterns in a plaza.

© Costfoto—NurPhoto/Getty Images

A man hangs red lanterns in Suqian, Jiangsu province, China, in preparation for Lunar New Year celebrations.

3, 2, 1… Happy New Year! It may seem like people across the globe welcome the new year with fireworks at midnight on January 1, but not all cultures celebrate this way. In fact, they may not celebrate the start of a new year on the first of January! Here are just some of the ways people around the world say goodbye to the old year and hello to the new.

Lunar New Year

Put on your best red clothes for the Lunar New Year! Celebrated in many Asian countries and communities, the Lunar New Year usually falls between January 21 and February 20, which follows the historic Chinese lunar calendar. Vibrant red decorations signify joy and good fortune!

Yennayer

Bonfires are lit for Yennayer, a holiday celebrated across North African countries. Yennayer takes place on January 12 each year, and rituals like the bonfire symbolize cleansing the old year and renewal for the year to come.

A family of nine smile as they pose for a photo outdoors in front of Algerian flags while wearing traditional clothing.

© Hamza Zait—Anadolu/Getty Images

A group of people celebrate Yennayer in Algeria.

Rosh Hashanah

The blowing of a ram’s horn, called a shofar, initiates Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year. It’s traditional for people of the Jewish faith to eat apples dipped in honey and say a blessing for a sweet new year during this holiday.

A family of six and a rabbi blow ram’s horns inside a synagogue.

© Karen Warren/Houston Chronicle—Hearst Newspapers/Getty Images

Family members blow into shofars at a Rosh Hashanah service at a synagogue (a building where Jewish religious services are held).

Matariki

Time for some stargazing! The new year begins for the Indigenous people of New Zealand, called the Māori, when a constellation of stars appears in the night sky in June or July. The stars and the holiday share the same name: Matariki.

Three people and a large stone are silhouettes against a sunrise.

© Kerry Marshall—Tourism New Zealand/Getty Images

People prepare for stargazing ahead of Matariki in New Zealand.

Enkutatash

Ethiopians celebrate the new year—Enkutatash—not just on a different date but also in a different year! Using a different calendar than the rest of the world, people in Ethiopia celebrated the start of their calendar year 2018 on September 11, 2025.

Six girls and young women wear floral-themed clothing as they stand outdoors singing.

© Luis Tato—AFP/Getty Images

A group of girls wear yellow flowers, a symbol of the new year, as they sing in celebration of Enkutatash.

What Year Is It?

An intricately carved circular stone

© Diego Cupolo—NurPhoto/Getty Images

The Aztec people of Mexico carved this stone hundreds of years ago. Researchers once believed that the stone was meant to be a calendar.

How did humans who lived thousands of years ago keep track of the months and years? Some tracked the Moon, while others used the seasons! Learn more at Britannica about how ancient cultures like the Maya and ancient Egyptians made calendars.

WORD OF THE DAY

rejuvenate

PART OF SPEECH:

verb

Definition:

: to give new strength or energy to (something)

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In Case You Missed It

Once part of the Winter Olympics, these sports are now iced out.
February 5, 2026
Heavyweight boxing champion and civil rights icon Muhammad Ali is being commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.
January 29, 2026
People are racing to save a beloved winter wonder on Japan’s Mount Zao.
January 22, 2026
Quilen Blackwell plants seeds of hope by turning abandoned city lots into urban flower gardens.
January 15, 2026

An Electric Tricycle Revolution

A woman and her passenger drive a three wheeled vehicle with an open cargo bed in the back.

An Electric Tricycle Revolution

Thanks to three-wheeled electric vehicles, women in Zimbabwe have the independence they need to make a living.

A woman and her passenger drive a three wheeled vehicle with an open cargo bed in the back.

© Tafara Mugwara—Xinhua News Agency/Getty Images

Adefi Mtambo (left) drives an e-tricycle on a road in Wedza, Zimbabwe.

Some new vehicles are hitting the road in Zimbabwe—electric tricycles! These three-wheeled electric vehicles (EVs) are giving women in rural Zimbabwe some yearned-for independence.

In Zimbabwe’s rural areas, many women are disconnected from public transportation and economic opportunities. Some have to walk a great distance to hand-deliver crops and goods to sell at marketplaces so that they can make money for their families. The other option is to rely on family members to make time to drive them.

Two women walk side by side on a road, with one carrying a bucket of vegetables on her head and a three-wheeled vehicle with two men in the background.

© Tafara Mugwara—Xinhua News Agency/Getty Images

A woman balances a bucket of tomatoes on her head in Wedza, Zimbabwe. Electric tricycles are making it easier to transport crops and other goods.

A Zimbabwean start-up company called Mobility for Africa is changing this through a program that sells EV tricycles to a primarily female customer base. Nicknamed Hamba, which means “go” in the Ndebele language, the EVs look like a cross between a motorcycle and a small pickup truck. Women use them to sell goods and provide taxi services.

A woman unloads logs from the back of a three wheeled vehicle.

© Tafara Mugwara—Xinhua News Agency/Getty Images

Philis Chifamba removes firewood from an e-tricycle at her home in Wedza, Zimbabwe.

Shantha Bloemen, the founder of Mobility for Africa, drew inspiration for this company from women in rural China who use the three-wheeled EVs. The tricycle offers stability on narrow and underdeveloped roads and is powered by a rechargeable battery pack.

In an interview with CNN, EV owner Beauty Simango said the tricycle helps her save time and energy fetching water and delivering crops, increasing her income from about $30 a month to around $150. “It has changed [our] way of life,” she said.

NEWS BREAK

The Funniest Photo of All

A young gorilla stands in an open field with one leg kicked forward.

© Mark Meth-Cohn/Nikon Comedy Wildlife

Mark Meth-Cohn’s photo of a dancing gorilla is called High Five.

Each year, the Comedy Wildlife Awards honors the funniest photos of wild animals. The contest invites photographers from around the world to capture creatures in their zaniest moments.

This year, Mark Meth-Cohn of the United Kingdom claimed the top prize, a one-week safari in Kenya, for his photo of a dancing gorilla. The photo was taken during a trip to Rwanda.

“On this particular day, we came across a large [gorilla] family group gathered in a forest clearing. The adults were calmly foraging while the youngsters were enthusiastically playing. One young male was especially keen to show off his acrobatic flair; pirouetting, tumbling, and high kicking. Watching his performance was pure joy.”

Did You Know?

Electric vehicles may seem like fairly new technology, but did you know that the first electric car was developed in 1888? This was just two years after the creation of the first automobile! 

Side by side images of the Flocken Elektrowagen on display show it resembles a buggy with no horses.

© Horacio Villalobos—Corbis News/Getty Images, © Bernd Weissbrod/dpa—Picture Alliance/Getty Images; Photo composite Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Developed in Germany in 1888, the Flocken Elektrowagen was the first electric car. 

Happy Birthday, Jane Austen!

Women in Regency Era clothing smile as they walk down a street with a crowd and a historic building in the background.

© Finnbarr Webster/Getty Images

The Grand Regency Costumed Promenade was part of the opening of the 2025 Jane Austen Festival in Austen’s hometown of Bath, England. The festival takes place every September.

Jane Austen fans are celebrating the author’s 250th birthday in style!  

Born on December 16, 1775, Austen was an English novelist who wrote the timeless classics Sense and Sensibility, Emma, and Pride and Prejudice! Multiple celebrations are taking place around England to honor the milestone birthday and Austen’s contribution to literature. 

Three women in Regency Era clothing take a selfie on a balcony. Behind them, a bush has been carved to resemble a book that says Jane Austen 250.

© Finnbarr Webster/Getty Images

Three people dressed in the fashion of Jane Austen’s time take a selfie during the 2025 Jane Austen Festival in Bath, England.

Austen’s stories are full of love and heartbreak, witty dialogue, and observations about gender and class. She often wrote about regular young people who were trying to figure out who they were and what their futures would hold. Her style of writing, which focused on showcasing her characters’ thoughts and emotions through dialogue, helped influence a new style of fiction writing that is widespread in today’s novels.  

Although Austen’s books take place in a specific time and place in Britain’s history, her themes continue to resonate with readers worldwide. That may be why Austen’s work has been particularly popular in movie format. Filmmakers in Hollywood and Bollywood—the name for India’s film industry—have made multiple adaptations of the author’s books and life. Some recognizable titles of these remakes are Clueless and Bride and Prejudice.

Austen’s Life and Legacy

The top part of a color portrait of Jane Austen shows the author wearing a white cap and blue dress.

© Stock Montage—Archive Photos/Getty Images

Jane Austen

Jane Austen drew inspiration for her novels from her personal life growing up in a large family in England in the late 1700s. But, despite the romantic themes of her books, Austen never married. Read more about the famous author’s life at Britannica!

WORD OF THE DAY

prejudice

PART OF SPEECH:

noun

Definition:

: an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of race, sex, religion, etc.

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In Case You Missed It

Once part of the Winter Olympics, these sports are now iced out.
February 5, 2026
Heavyweight boxing champion and civil rights icon Muhammad Ali is being commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.
January 29, 2026
People are racing to save a beloved winter wonder on Japan’s Mount Zao.
January 22, 2026
Quilen Blackwell plants seeds of hope by turning abandoned city lots into urban flower gardens.
January 15, 2026

From Refugee to Children’s Peace Prize Winner

Tawakkol Karman and Bana Alabed smile as they lift Alabed’s peace award into the air together.

From Refugee to Children’s Peace Prize Winner

Syrian teen Bana Alabed has won an international peace award for her work helping children in war zones.

Tawakkol Karman and Bana Alabed smile as they lift Alabed’s peace award into the air together.

Courtesy of © Jerry Lampen/Kidsrights

Fifteen-year-old Bana Alabed (right) accepted the 2025 International Children’s Peace Prize on November 19, 2025. She is seen here with 2011 Nobel Peace Prize winner Tawakkol Karman (left).

Bana Alabed has been using her voice to promote peace since she was 7 years old. Growing up amid a deadly civil war in Syria, a country in the Middle East, she drew attention to the plight of children in conflict by publicly documenting her childhood on social media.

Now 15 years old and a refugee living in Turkey, Alabed continues to advocate for children affected by war. Her tireless work is the reason Alabed is the 2025 International Children’s Peace Prize winner. Presented by the KidsRights Foundation and the Global Child Forum, the award goes to an outstanding young person “who courageously fights for children’s rights.”

Experts estimate that about 1 out of every 6 children around the world lives in an area affected by conflict. Alabed has been working to help reopen schools and reunite families torn apart in war. Her efforts have focused on children in Syria, Ukraine, Gaza, and Sudan.

“Peace is not a luxury. The world must listen to us. Our childhood has been stolen due to wars and conflicts,” said Alabed when she was nominated. “We want peace, and to those children who are suffering in the wars, you are not alone.”

Here is more about the other two finalists for the 2025 International Children’s Peace Prize:

  • Aeshnina “Nina” Azzahra Aqilani (17 years old, Indonesia): No one wants their home to be treated like a trash can, but unfortunately, many Western countries export their plastic waste to other places, like Indonesia. Aqilani has combined environmental and international advocacy to help ban this harmful practice and make the world a cleaner, more just place.
  • Divyansh Agrawal (16 years old, United States): Proving no one is too young to give back to their community, Agrawal founded the Junior Philanthropists Foundation. This teen-led organization focuses on the way climate laws affect children’s rights. It has already helped pass 18 environmental bills in the state of California.

Did You Know?

Famed scientist Albert Einstein was a refugee who fled Germany during World War II. Another famous refugee was Freddie Mercury, the singer for the rock band Queen. Mercury and his family fled Zanzibar’s deadly revolution in the 1960s.

Freddie Mercury stands on stage holding a microphone in one hand and holding his other arm in the air.

© Pete Still—Redferns/Getty Images

Freddie Mercury performs at Knebworth Park in the United Kingdom in 1986.

A Scruffy Superstar

A police officer smiles and holds Bo’s harness as Bo sniffs the face of a young child at her graduation ceremony.

Courtesy of Faye Okert via American Humane Society

Bo and owner and handler Faye Okert attend a graduation ceremony in Nashville, Tennessee.

Despite his scruffy face, black coat, and police vest, Sergeant Bo could always bring comfort and calm to the people in any room he walked into. That’s because Sergeant Bo wasn’t a regular police officer but a trained therapy dog. Now retired, Sergeant Bo is the 2025 Hero Dog Award winner for his lifetime of work comforting people in a crisis. 

Bo was a stray in Florida before he was rescued and trained as a dedicated therapy dog. He then went to work for the police department in the city of Nashville, Tennessee, where he specialized in supporting people after traumatic events.

Not long after Sergeant Bo started his new job, tragedy struck the community in the form of a school shooting. Bo jumped into action, offering cuddles and a calming presence to the young survivors. 

“I believe that when he walks into a room, he knows who needs his help,” said Faye Okert, Sergeant Bo’s owner and handler, in an interview with USA Today.

A young child in a classroom pets Bo, who is lying on a dog bed.

Courtesy of Faye Okert via American Humane Society

Bo relaxes with a student.

The American Humane Society’s annual Hero Dog Awards honor dogs who show bravery in many forms. Nominees include service dogs, trained military and police dogs, hopeful shelter dogs, and inspiring family pets. Each year the public votes from among the finalists to crown the Hero Dog. 

“Bo’s transformation from a shelter pet living on the street to a police therapy dog serving his community should inspire us all,” American Humane Society CEO Robin Ganzert told USA Today. “We are honored to celebrate this scruffy superstar.”

Look for the Helpers

Men and women in Red Crescent uniforms give food items to a group of children.

© Abdullah Kurtar—Anadolu/Getty Images

In this March 2025 photo, Turkish Red Crescent president Fatma Meric Yilmaz (second from left) gives aid boxes to children in Syria.

There are always brave people who help those who have been injured or displaced by war and natural disasters. Some of them work for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, an organization that brings aid to people around the globe. 

Read more about the Red Cross and Red Crescent at Britannica.

WORD OF THE DAY

asylum

PART OF SPEECH:

noun

Definition:

: protection given by a government to someone who has left another country in order to escape being harmed

Definitions provided by
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Sudoku

Fill in the grid so each row, column, and little box has all the numbers 1 through 9 with no repeats.

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In Case You Missed It

Once part of the Winter Olympics, these sports are now iced out.
February 5, 2026
Heavyweight boxing champion and civil rights icon Muhammad Ali is being commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.
January 29, 2026
People are racing to save a beloved winter wonder on Japan’s Mount Zao.
January 22, 2026
Quilen Blackwell plants seeds of hope by turning abandoned city lots into urban flower gardens.
January 15, 2026

A Historic Vulture Hoard

A bearded vulture stands on the snowy ground holding a stick in its beak.

A Historic Vulture Hoard

Archaeologists found valuable medieval artifacts in an unlikely place—vultures’ nests.

A bearded vulture stands on the snowy ground holding a stick in its beak.

© Andyworks—E+/Getty Images

A bearded vulture holds a stick while building a nest.

When you picture an archaeologist at work, you might think of someone digging through buried, ancient buildings. But what about sifting through vultures’ nests? Archaeologists in Spain have done just that, finding hundreds of years’ worth of archaeological treasures stashed in the cliffside nests of bearded vultures.

Bearded vultures like to reuse nests each year, so generations of vultures will use the same nests and slowly add layers over time. The species is locally extinct in southern Spain, allowing archeologists to look for interesting objects in the area’s preserved—but uninhabited—nests, which are tucked into cliffside caves.

To reach the nests, the scientists had to rappel down a cliff using ropes and harnesses. Treating the 12 nests as they would any other archeological site, the scientists carefully dug through each layer. Their work revealed hundreds of years’ worth of the birds’ history and the history of Spain itself.

A composite of items labeled with letters includes part of a slingshot, a crossbow bolt and lance, a shoe made of grass and twigs, a piece of a basket, a piece of leather, and a piece of fabric.

© Sergio Couto (A, B, D, and F) and © Lucía Agudo Pérez (C and E)

These materials were found in old vultures’ nests. They include (A) part of a slingshot, (B) parts of a crossbow, (C) a sandal made of grass and twigs, (D) a piece of a basket, (E) a piece of sheep leather, and (F) a piece of fabric.

Among the nests’ many animal bones and eggshells were human-made historical artifacts, including a slingshot, a crossbow bolt, leather items, pieces of fabric, and some tools. One of the most exciting findings was a sandal made of woven grass. The shoe is estimated to be between 650 and 750 years old, which means it was worn by someone in the medieval period, possibly around the time when the Black Plague was spreading through Europe. 

It remains a mystery why the bearded vultures picked up human-made materials. Some experts think the birds grab things they find interesting or that they want some nest decoration. Whatever the purpose, the outcome means more buried treasures in unexpected places.

A bearded vulture is flying with its wings spread out.

© Angel Enrique Garcia Colmena—iStock/Getty Images

A bearded vulture comes in for a landing.

Did You Know?

The largest bird nest ever recorded was built by a pair of bald eagles in Florida, in the United States. It measured 9.5 feet (2.9 meters) wide and 20 feet (6 meters) deep, and weighed more than 4,400 pounds (2,000 kilograms)! 

A pair of bald eagles sits in a large nest made from sticks.

© SailingAway/stock.adobe.com

Although this is not the record-breaking nest, it shows that bald eagles prefer a roomy home.

Nature’s Sounds

Juan Pablo Culasso wears headphones and carries equipment in an outdoor setting.

© Luis Robayo—AFP/Getty Images

In this 2017 photo, Juan Pablo Culasso records birdsongs.

One naturalist and birder is on a mission to preserve the unseen side of nature—or, to put it simply, to preserve the sound of nature. Juan Pablo Culasso is a nature sound recordist. He is also blind. 

“Most people believe that only sighted persons can really enjoy nature. But from a blind perspective, I have [my] other four senses to really enjoy what’s around me,” Culasso told CNN. Culasso, who is from Uruguay, is an avid birder who can identify more than 2,000 bird calls.

Culasso is using his skills as a recordist to document the sounds of nature, creating audio maps of different ecosystems. These “maps” have two goals: to make natural experiences more accessible to those who are blind or who have limited or low vision, and to preserve natural environments that are at risk of disappearing. 

The recordings are also used in scientific research.

“Soundscapes are used in science to tell you how healthy an ecosystem is,” said Culasso. “The most amazing indicators for this are birds. If you can record two or three species that really need that ecosystem to survive, you can say that ecosystem is really healthy.” 

Culasso’s home country, Uruguay, is in South America. Check out the sounds of birds that are native to that continent!

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Swallow-Tailed Hummingbird

A swallow-tailed hummingbird

Photo: © Rafael Cerqueira—iStock/Getty Images, Audio: © Giovane Dias

Southern Screamer

A southern screamer
Photo: AdstockRF, Audio: © Benjamin Bender

Tropical Screech Owl

A tropical screech owl
Photo: © diegograndi/stock.adobe.com, Audio: © Adam Jackson

Maroon-Bellied Parakeet

A maroon-bellied parakeet
Photo: © Wim/stock.adobe.com, Audio: © Naelin

The Black Death

A painting shows a person in a bird mask, hat, and long robe, holding a long wand.

Wellcome Collection, London

This painting shows a doctor in 1720, wearing clothing designed to protect him from getting the plague. The mask held spices that were thought to make the air purer. The wand was used to avoid touching patients.

If you read today’s main story, you may have caught a reference to the Black Plague, or Black Death. This deadly disease decimated the European continent during the medieval period.

Read more about the Black Plague at Britannica.

WORD OF THE DAY

hoard

PART OF SPEECH:

noun

Definition:

: a large amount of something valuable that is kept hidden

Definitions provided by
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Word Flower

How many words can you make from these letters? All words must use the letter in the center.

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O
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