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In 2019, NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) was set to make history by sending an all-woman team of astronauts on a spacewalk. But the plan was scrapped at the last minute. The reason? NASA didn’t have enough space suits that would fit the women. The first all-women spacewalk eventually took place—several months later, after NASA made sure the right space suits were available. These events made it clear that, in at least one way, space travel was set up without women in mind. 

But NASA now has plans for a redesigned space suit. The new suit will be more flexible and better able to fit people of many different sizes. And that means it will be more likely to fit women, who are, on average, smaller than men. This is the first time NASA has fully redesigned its space suits since 1981. 

When it comes to space suits, fit is extremely important. The suits need to be pressurized to provide oxygen so that the wearer can survive in space. If a space suit fails to work properly, an astronaut can die.

NASA aims to have the new space suits ready by 2025, in time for the space agency’s Artemis III mission. During Artemis III, astronauts will set foot on the Moon for the first time in more than 50 years. NASA has pledged “to land the first woman and first person of color on the surface of the Moon” as part of the Artemis III crew.

Bill Nelson, who leads NASA, said that the space suits “will open opportunities for more people to explore and conduct science on the Moon than ever before.”

TikTok is limiting the amount of time kids and teens can use the video-sharing app. The company says it made the decision in response to concerns that the use of social media is affecting the mental health of young people.

Under the new rules, TikTok users ages 13 to 18 are now able to use the app for 60 minutes a day. They need to enter a passcode if they want to extend their time on TikTok. TikTok says this extra step is meant to require teens to make an active decision to spend an extended period of time on the app. Users under 13 also have a 60-minute limit. They can extend their time by 30 minutes, but only if a parent or guardian enters a passcode. 

TikTok is one of many apps that have been criticized for its possible impact on younger users. Experts have expressed concern that using social media may have a negative effect on mental health. They say that looking at social media content can lead people to compare themselves to others and feel like they don’t measure up. One new study showed that when kids and teens take breaks from social media, they feel better about themselves. In the study, volunteers ages 17 to 25 who were experiencing anxiety or depression were asked to limit their time on social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks. Another group of volunteers didn’t change their social media habits. The group that limited their screen time reported feeling happier and having a more positive self-image.

But Linda Charmaraman, a researcher who studies young people and social media use, says it’s not quite accurate to conclude that time spent on social media is a bad thing. Many users can get a lot out of connecting with other people on social media, as long as those connections are healthy.

“In that case, the motivation behind what you’re doing on social media is more important than how long you’re spending on it,” she told National Public Radio.

EpiPen auto-injectors are devices that deliver lifesaving treatment to people who are having severe allergic reactions. But do they work in space? A group of students in Canada did an experiment that suggests the answer is no.

The students wondered how the cosmic radiation in space would affect epinephrine, the medication inside an EpiPen. They applied—and were accepted—to iEDU and NASA’s Cubes in Space program, which lets young people send their science experiments into space. The students prepared samples of two substances. One was pure epinephrine. The other was epinephrine in a sterile solution, which is what EpiPens contain. NASA then launched the samples into space—one on a rocket and the other on a high-altitude balloon.

Crystalyne Curley just made history by getting elected to a powerful position in the government of the Navajo Nation. Now, she wants to use her influence to help enrich people’s lives.

In January 2023, Curley was elected Speaker of the Navajo Nation Council, which is the legislative (lawmaking) branch of the Navajo government. The Council is made up of 24 delegates who represent the people living in different areas of the Navajo reservation. Curley was elected to her first term in the Council in 2022. She became Speaker after a vote within the Council. This makes her a leader within the Council. Curley appoints delegates to committees, calls special sessions, makes budget recommendations, and more. 

Curley has been in the public eye for a long time. She first ran for the Council several years ago. Previously, she was senior public information officer for former Navajo Nation president Jonathan Nez.

As Speaker, Curley wants to improve the quality of life on the Navajo reservation, where many people lack basic resources. American Indian groups say the lack of resources is due partly to U.S. government rules that make it difficult for American Indian communities to make improvements. Curley has firsthand experience with need.

“I’m one of the products of no electricity [and] no water, and to this day I still don’t have cell service within my home, and it’s these troubles that some of the leaders don’t know the struggle of,” Curley told AZ Central. “I wanted to use my platform to speak for those who live far off the highway, that live in the rural parts of our nation.”

Curley, who speaks the Navajo language, also wants to make sure that Navajo history is respected and preserved.

“We have to use our Navajo language, our culture,” Curley said. “That’s what drives me, is fundamentals of our values and our culture and our language. We need to teach that to our Navajo children to continue to speak our language.”

Could workers around the world soon get an extra day off every week? Recently, several studies have shown that reducing a workweek from five days (or 40 hours a week) to four days (or 32 hours a week) has a range of benefits for both companies and employees. 

In the studies, companies that normally operate on a five-day workweek agreed to try out a four-day workweek without lowering their workers’ pay. Most of the companies found that the employees got just as much work done in four days as they had in five days. In some cases, employees got even more work done. Some of the companies found they made more money. And employees said they had more time to rest, exercise, and be with their families. Overall, most of the companies and employees were happier with the four-day workweek—and most of the companies in the studies decided to stick with it.

A four-day workweek wouldn’t be realistic for everyone. The workers in the studies are paid a yearly salary that remains the same no matter how many hours they work. Many workers are paid by the hour. If they worked fewer hours, they would earn less money—unless their hourly wage was increased. And some industries can’t just shut down for an extra day each week. For example, cutting nurses’ hours would require hospitals to hire more people to take care of patients. 

But the buzz around the four-day workweek is getting louder. Researchers say that if the idea catches on, it could be a game changer for millions of workers worldwide.

Some ancient people were amazingly advanced. Scientists know this because they’ve studied civilizations like the Maya. More than 2,000 years ago, the Maya people of North and Central America built large cities with palaces and pyramids. They were successful farmers. They even studied the planets and came up with an accurate calendar. But a new discovery reveals that the Maya civilization was even more sophisticated than anyone realized. Scientists have learned that the Maya had a system of interconnecting roads. 

“[The roads are] the world’s first superhighway system,” Richard Hansen, a professor of anthropology at Idaho State University, told CNN.

A group of eighth graders came up with creative solutions to help family and friends who were facing challenges. And they used their engineering skills to do it. Teacher Mark Bolt calls this “engineering with empathy.”

Engineering with Empathy is a unit in Bolt’s engineering class at Rachel Carson Middle School in Herndon, Virginia. Empathy is the ability to notice and share in the feelings of others. Bolt says that engineers, who use science, math, and tools to come up with solutions to problems, need empathy.

“Engineers need to understand their users’ needs, and put themselves in the users’ shoes, in order to then build an effective solution,” Bolt explained in an article on the Fairfax County Public Schools website.

Bolt’s students did exactly this. Aasritha Duriseti saw her grandmother struggling to open a bottle cap and made a bottle opener that’s easy to grip. Roman Moreno-Hines noticed that his grandfather, who has arthritis, has trouble holding a coffee cup. He invented a robotic “third thumb” that holds onto the bottom of a mug.

Engineers go through a process to create, test, and then improve their inventions. When Rishab Nanduri made a back brace to help ease his dad’s back pain, his classmates suggested he improve it by adding foam material that could massage the wearer’s muscles.

According to the Washington Post, each device was adjusted several times as it was developed. Bolt says that when things don’t work as planned, it’s an opportunity to learn.

“If we want to do better, we have to have a chance to fail,” the teacher told the Washington Post.

Check out the slideshow to see some of the students’ inventions.

Benjamin Mack-Jackson wants people’s stories to be heard. In the summer of 2022, the 20-year-old Rollins College student traveled to Ukraine to document the stories of the people experiencing the war there. Nineteen of the photos he took are now part of an exhibit called Relentless Courage: Ukraine and the World at War, at the Orlando Museum of Art in Orlando, Florida.

The weary faces and shelled-out buildings in Mack-Jackson’s images document a nation that has persevered through terrible loss. Soldiers are shown, as well as refugees—people forced to leave Ukraine for their own safety and security. When the photos first went on display, in February 2023, it had been about one year since Russia had invaded Ukraine, igniting the war that continues to this day. Mack-Jackson says it’s important for people around the world not to forget this conflict and others.

“These are people just like you and I that are fighting and dying every single day,” he told WESH News in Orlando.

In February 1945, a group of American soldiers arrived in Birmingham, England, to begin serving in World War II. These soldiers were trailblazers. For one thing, they were all women at a time when the United States had only recently started to allow women to serve in the military. Also, the soldiers were Black. The 6888th Battalion (also known as the “Six Triple Eight”) overcame racism, sexism, and poor living conditions to play a vital role in the war. 

At the time, women in the U.S. Army served in a noncombat branch that had been created in 1942. Originally called the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), it later became the Women’s Army Corps (WAC). About 6,500 Black soldiers were allowed in the WAC, but they had to sleep and eat separately from the white soldiers. At first, Black members of the WAC were told they would never be allowed to go overseas, where the war was taking place. But civil rights organizations pressured the government to change its policy. In late 1944, the 6888th was formed.

When they arrived in England in the winter of 1945, the members of the 6888th were sent to warehouses that were filled with letters and packages addressed to U.S. soldiers. Because of a shortage of postal workers, the mail had been piling up for months. The 6888th was told to sort the mail and see that each piece got to its recipient. 

It was a monumental task, and not just because some letters and packages had vague addresses such as “John Smith, U.S. Army.” The warehouses were dark and lacked heat. Old packages of baked treats had been raided by rats. While off duty, the women faced racism and sexism from within the Army. Banned from living or eating with white soldiers, the members of the 6888th were required to use their own—poorly heated—facilities. 

The Army didn’t show much confidence in the battalion’s commander, Major Charity Adams, who was a Black woman. At one point, a white general told her that he was going to send a white officer to tell her how to run the 6888th. She responded, “Over my dead body, sir.” 

Major Adams and her battalion proved more than able to do their jobs. They set up a tracking system that allowed them to sort 65,000 pieces of mail per shift. The job was supposed to take six months. They finished in three months. The battalion was so successful that they were sent to France, where more warehouses of mail awaited them. Because of the 6888th, millions of soldiers received mail from their loved ones, an important part of keeping morale high during the war. But more than that, the success of the 6888th proved a point—that Black women were just as capable and hard working as white men.

The battalion’s accomplishments helped convince the U.S. government to make the armed forces fairer and more inclusive. In 1948, U.S. president Harry Truman signed legislation that ended racial segregation in the military. And, over time, additional laws were passed to allow female soldiers to take on new roles.

When Amina Luqman-Dawson set out to write a novel, she wanted to share a part of history that’s rarely told. That novel, Freewater, is now the winner of the 2023 Newbery Medal, which is given every January to the best book for children or young teens published the previous year. 

In Freewater, which takes place in the early 1800s, 12-year-old Homer and his younger sister, Ada, escape from enslavement and make their way to a place in Virginia called the Great Dismal Swamp. There, they find a village called Freewater, which was founded by other people who had escaped enslavement.